ONS LEER UIT MEKAAR SE FOUTE!
Ek weet nie baie nie maar ek weet nou al iets noudat ek al 20 boeke agter my naam het. Ek wil graag ander help wat nie weet waar om te begin nie of nie weet wat die belangrike dinge is wat die uitgewers wil hê nie.
Op hierdie skrwyersblad wil ek NUWE of jong skrywers help om nie so te sukkel soos ek toe ek die eerste boek geskryf het nie. Ek het aanvanklik min terugvoer gekry en is net afgeskiet. Ek het eers regtig geleer toe uitgewers my terugvoer begin gee het - en kritiek - en dis soms SLEG om te hoor maar jy leer elke keer - selfs uit die negatiefste kritiek.
Ek gaan aanhaal uit kommentare / kritiek wat ek oor baie jare gekry het - maar gewoonlik is daar vir ons almal iets uit te leer.
Hoop dit help. Ek het dit alles by uitgewers ontvang tesame met terugvoer oor my eie stsories - ek hoop nie ek haal iets aan wat iewers kopiereg op het nie - ek sit skakels by waar nodig. Dit het my egter so baie met my Afrikaanse skryfwerk gehelp. En glo my, ek kort baie hulp!
BESTE RAAD OOIT: WOON N SKRYWERSKURSUS BY VAN LAPA/ATKV POTCH UNIVERSITEIT SE SKRYFSKOOL - DAAR IS 'N PAAR 'N JAAR BY DIE UNIVERSITEIT.
Kyk oop op die internet: PENdit en Writers Write het ook kursusse: Kliek op dit.
PENdit - Skryfskole en skrywersadvies
Writerswrite.co.za: kursusse en skrywersadvies.
DIT IS ONONDERHANDELBAAR AS JY WIL WEET WAT DIE UITGEWERS VAN 'N SKRYWER VERWAG. EN DIS 'N HEERLIKE ERVARING.
EN TWEEDE WAT HIERAAN GELYKSTAAN: KOOP DIE PUK SE AFRIKAANSE SPELL CHECKER.
Bestel jou Afrikaanse spel checker hier! - en nee, ek kry geen geld hieruit nie - dis net so nodig vir skryf en werk fantasties vir my met my slegte spelling.
Basiese info:
Lengte van jou boek: 'n Basiese raamwerk kan so lyk: Tradisionele uitgewers soos Lapa Uitgewers vereis bv. 44000 woorde vir hul ROMANZA reeks en 70 000 of meer woorde vir ’n ROMAN. As jy dit self gaan uitgee kan jy dit seker maak so lank as wat jy lus het.
My boek: Die Alfadokument, 'n samesweringsroman het byvoorbeeld 115 000 woorde, so ook die opvolg, Die Omgegakomplot. Begin maar egter met so 80 000 woorde vir jou eie roman as dit 'n eerste een is.
ONTHOU: Jou boek kan en gaan verwerp word. Skryf en herskryf. Dis wat skryf is. Dien weer jou storie in. "Rejection is something all writers must deal with. Laura Drake went through 417 rejections before she sold. Four. Hundred. Seventeen. That takes stamina and some pretty thick skin. I love her post, Don't Give Away Your Power, where she discusses how to manage rejection. (Stephen King).
Ek moes Die Alfadokument oor n tydperk van 5 jaar oorskryf, indien, verwerp word, oorskryf, verkort, verander, indien, ens. En uiteindelik land dit voor iemand wat die waarde insien en dit word uitgegee. Ek het al en baie ander skrywers doen dit heel suksesvol - SELF UITGEE. Ek sal later meer info hieroor gee.
The famous Hemingway line on writing: “The first draft of anything is shit.” Although creators often dream of a world where no one can tell them what to do and where they get to release everything they make, this fantasy would actually be a nightmare. Because our first effort is rarely good enough.
Hierdie blad van Pendit vertel jou nog lekkerder hoe om te begin skryf as jy nog geen idee het nie, maar weet jy wil 'n boek skryf: Kliek op Pendit se link:
MY EIE TAMELETJIES IN DIE BEGIN:
Perspektiefkarakter - eenvoudig gestel.
Die eerste belangrike ding in skryf is die perspektiefkarakter. Dis die ou/meisie in jou storie wat alles hoor dink ervaar ruik voel onthou ensovoorts. Ek het aanvanklik net op 'n verteltrant geskryf en jy kon vele karakters se perspektiewe hoor en sien en voel. Dit is blykbaar uit ie oude doos. Dikwels gebruik skrywers een karakter deur wie se oë ons alles beleef wat hy of sy beleef en onthou, ens. Dit maak dat jy jou ordentlik in daardie karakter inleef, sien wat hy sien, ruik wat hy ruik, hoor wat hy hoor - NIKS kan dus gebeur wat nie deur hierdie karakter ervaar word nie - hy kan ook nie dinge van ander karakters weet wat net hulle weet nie, tensy hy dit vertel word of lees, ens. Jy kan meer as een gebruik maar jy beter oulik wees sodat hulle elkeen hul eie manier van dink, praat, doen het.
In Romanzas gebruik ek altyd net die heldin se perspektief, want die boeke is kort en ek glo dat 'n mens so jou karakter beter leer ken in die verhaal.
BELANGRIKE DING WAT PROF HANS DU PLESSIS Sê: Die held of heldin moet iets wil hê - erg wil hê - en jy moet dis so skryf dat ons dit saam met haar of hom wil hê. Dit het my nogal rigting gegee. Dit kan 'n glas water wees of wêreldoorheersing.
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Uitdagings en voordele van selfpublikasie: ’n onderhoud met Francine Beaton - LitNet
Uitdagings en voordele van selfpublikasie: ’n onderhoud met Francine Beaton.
Lees dalk vooraf hierdie artikel ter agtergrond van onderstaande onderhoud - LitNet-redaksie
Onafhanklike outeur Francine Beaton, wat voortaan haar boeke onder die drukkersnaam Fleur Publishing sal uitgee, deel haar ervaringe en insigte oor die selfpublikasiebedryf. Sy het gekies om die selfpublikasierigting te neem nadat sy besef het dat die tradisionele publikasieproses te lank neem.
As ’n indie-outeur waarom het jy besluit om die selfpublikasierigting te neem?
Ek het reg aan die begin ’n kontrak met ’n uitgewer gehad vir drie boeke. Nog voor ek my boeke begin uitstuur het na uitgewers, het ek reeds agt boeke gereed gehad. Terwyl ek gewag het vir terugvoer, het ek nog soveel bygeskryf. Ek is 60. Ek is ’n oorywerige en vinnige skrywer.
Ek het vroeg reeds besef dat die tradisionele publikasieproses vir my gans en al te lank neem en het, nog voor my eerste boek deur die uitgewer gepubliseer is, besluit om te probeer om self te publiseer. Dié boek wat ek self uitgegee het, is gepubliseer voor die uitgewer met die tweede boek begin het. Teen die tyd dat die derde boek sou verskyn, het ek reeds vyf boeke ook onafhanklik gepubliseer.
Dis egter nie te sê dat jy net die een of die ander hoef te doen nie. Daar is heelwat skrywers wat tradisioneel en onafhanklik uitgee. Sou die geleentheid ditself voordoen, sal ek dalk wel tradisioneel uitgee.
Watter uitdagings het jy ondervind in die hantering van jou skryfwerk, en hoe het jy dit oorkom?
Die grootste probleem wat ek ondervind het, is om die regte diensverskaffers te kry met wie ek kon en wou saamwerk. Ek verwys hier na proeflesers, redakteurs, voorbladontwerpers, ensovoorts. Ek was ook nie aan die begin gemaklik met die bemarkingsproses nie. Ons geslag Afrikaanse kinders is mos geleer om nie jou eie beuel te blaas nie. Ek moes leer om ’n dik vel te hê.
..Afrikaanse lesers hou nog van ’n boek in die hand.
.....
Om in Afrikaans onafhanklik te publiseer, bied inderdaad ander uitdagings, soos bemarking. Ek was gewoond aan die Engelse mark, waar skrywers makliker saamwerk om mekaar se boeke te bemark. Daar is bemarkingskanale wat jy kan volg met Engelse boeke, soos groeppromosies deur StoryOrigin, BookBub, Bookfunnel en baie ander, maar wat nie beskikbaar is in Afrikaans nie. Dan is daar ook bemarkingsgeleenthede vir Engelse skrywers soos Facebook-groepe, Facebook-partytjies, blogtoere en nuusbriewe, om maar net ’n paar te noem.
’n Ander probleem is om jou boeke in boekwinkels te kry – en Afrikaanse lesers hou nog van ’n boek in die hand. Ek kan nie ’n verspreider duisende rande betaal en duisende boeke druk nie, veral nie as jy in ag neem dat ek reeds 20 boeke het in Afrikaans nie. Selfs nie onafhanklike boekwinkels wil jou altyd ’n kans gee nie. Hulle wil hê jy moet ’n besending boeke vir hulle gee sonder voorafbetaling, wat vir my as ’n onafhanklike entrepreneur nie sin maak nie. Dis dan ’n dooie bate. Tensy dit natuurlik verkoop, maar dis ’n kans en risiko wat ek nog nie bereid was om te waag nie.
Dieselfde geld dus vir biblioteke. Dis nie maklik om jou boeke in ’n biblioteek se katalogus te kry nie. Maar ek werk daaraan.
Wat is jou mening oor die balans tussen kreatiewe selfuitdrukking en die kommersiële aspekte van selfpublikasie?
Dis ’n vraag wat elkeen vir hom- of haarself moet afvra: Hoekom skryf jy? Is dit om geld te maak of om jouself kreatief uit te druk? Dan moet jy jou verder afvra, hoe ver is jy bereid om jou kreatiewe proses aan te pas net om kommersiële sukses te bereik?
Ek weet daar is maniere waarop ek meer sukses kan behaal deur boeke te skryf vir ’n spesifieke mark, volgens ’n spesifieke resep, met ’n spesifieke tema, vir ’n uitgewer.
Ja, ek kon dit seker doen om meer geld te maak, en dit sou lekker wees om meer geld te verdien, maar ek het lankal besluit ek geniet dit meer om ’n storie te skryf wat deur die karakters gedryf word.
.....
As onafhanklike uitgewer kan ek hier en daar iets anders probeer, en kyk hoe die lesers dit ervaar. Miskien hou die lesers daarvan. Werk dit nie, kan ek iets anders probeer. Ek kan die boek verander en die voorblad verander, as ek wou.
..Bygesê, jy gaan mos nie ’n boek skryf, baie geld spandeer om dit te laat proeflees, ’n buiteblad te laat ontwerp en dit te laat bemark as dit nie gaan werk nie? So ja, as jy sukses behaal het met een boek, en daardie “resep” werk, is dit logies dat jy weer so iets sal skryf.
As onafhanklike uitgewer kan ek hier en daar iets anders probeer, en kyk hoe die lesers dit ervaar. Miskien hou die lesers daarvan. Werk dit nie, kan ek iets anders probeer. Ek kan die boek verander en die voorblad verander, as ek wou. Weet net dat as dit nie werk nie, dit jou reputasie skade kan aandoen en jy kan geld verloor. Orson Scott Card het eenkeer gesê oor skryfwerk: “You can break any rule you like, as long as you’re prepared to deal with the consequences.”
Hou dit in gedagte.
Watter raad of insigte het jy vir ander skrywers wat oorweeg om self te publiseer en hul eie skryfbesigheid te begin?
Ek het onlangs ’n praatjie aangebied in Pretoria wat ek die “Agt stappe tot selfpublikasie” noem. Een belangrike aspek wat ek opgehaal het, is dat skrywers nie moet doen soos ek nie, maar eerder doen wat ek sê. Ek het sommer in die proses ingeduiwel, sonder om my huiswerk te doen en myself voor te berei. Ek het ’n hele paar onnodige en duur foute begaan.
In my tienerjare het ons klubs gehad. Ons het by een se huis of ’n geheime wegkruipplek bymekaargekom en goed gedoen wat ons geïnteresseer het. Partymaal nuwe dinge geleer ook. Deesdae gebruik ons sosiale media vir dieselfde doel. Skep vir jou ’n profiel en hang daar rond nog lank voor jy wil publiseer. Daar is soveel groepe en organisasies waarby jy kan aansluit. Maak vriende met ander skrywers. Vra raad oor wie hulle gebruik as proeflesers/redigeerders, voorbladontwerp en bladuitleg.
.....
Ons het ’n verantwoordelikheid teenoor ons lesers om ’n goeie boek te skryf en te publiseer. Dit behels dat die boek goed geskryf en professioneel verpak moet wees (onder andere goeie omslag en redigering). Jy het ook ’n verantwoordelikheid teenoor jou mede-skrywers. Maak seker dat jy ’n goeie produk uitgee sodat jy nie die hele indie-industrie ’n slegte naam gee nie.
.....
Jy moet bereid wees om te leer, en jy moet verwag dat jy foute sal begaan en mislukkings ervaar. Doen jou huiswerk voor jy publiseer. Gesels met ander skrywers. Doen ’n kursus of twee. Leer. En leer nog. Hoe beter jy jou kan voorberei, hoe beter gehalte boek kan jy uitgee. En hê sommer ’n dik vel ook. Wees voorbereid op kritiek, hoe goed of hoe sleg dit ook al is.
Proeflees 3000 keer as dit moet. Kry ’n ervare proefleser. Maak staat op beta-lesers.
Ons het ’n verantwoordelikheid teenoor ons lesers om ’n goeie boek te skryf en te publiseer. Dit behels dat die boek goed geskryf en professioneel verpak moet wees (onder andere goeie omslag en redigering). Jy het ook ’n verantwoordelikheid teenoor jou mede-skrywers. Maak seker dat jy ’n goeie produk uitgee sodat jy nie die hele indie-industrie ’n slegte naam gee nie.
Hoe belangrik is dit vir indie-outeurs om kennis te hê van sakebestuuraspekte soos bemarking, finansies en produksie?
Om jou boek of boeke self uit te gee, verg harde werk, deursettingsvermoë en selfdissipline.
As jy wel wil self uitgee, moet jy ’n paar dinge in ag neem: selfuitgewery, of onafhanklike uitgewery soos ons verkies om dit te noem, is vergelykbaar aan ’n eenmansaak. Jy dra al die hoede in daardie besigheid, en jy neem al die verantwoordelikhede. Jy is alles: Van skepper tot boekhouer, statistikus en bemarker. En sommer die hoofkok en skottelgoedwasser ook.
Dink maar byvoorbeeld daaraan: Jy koop byvoorbeeld ’n franchise van ’n kitskosrestaurant. Jy hou van kitskos. Jy eet dit gereeld. Jy weet hoe dit moet proe. Dis egter nie te sê jy gaan alles weet wat gepaard gaan om so ’n besigheid te bestuur nie, tensy jy vorige ondervinding het. Jy gaan dus die verskillende aspekte van besigheidsbestuur moet aanleer.
Dis egter nie te sê jy moet net so ’n goeie kok wees as die hoofkok met 30 jaar ondervinding nie. Jy hoef nie elke aand al die skottelgoed te was nie. Jy hoef nie ’n ekspert te wees in elke aspek van die besigheid of dat dit beteken dat jy alles self moet doen nie. Jy moet net genoeg ken en doen om jou besigheid suksesvol te bestuur.
Dis dieselfde as om jou boeke onafhanklik uit te gee. Leer genoeg om jouself te kan handhaaf indien jy wel van die take uitkontrakteer. Leer ken die publikasieproses en leer wat jy self kan doen en wat nie. Leer ken jou sterk- en swakpunte. Jy hoef egter nie alles self te doen nie.
Maar, aangesien jy beheer het oor elke faset, moet jy die finale besluit neem voor jy jou produk uitstuur. Dis waarom jy daardie kennis moet hê. Hoe meer jy weet, hoe minder foute gaan jy maak.
’n Ander aspek wat die sakedeel betref, is jou regte, nie net vir nou nie, maar wat gaan gebeur indien jy afsterwe. ’n Mens wil nie daaraan dink nie, maar dis belangrik. Wat word van jou tantième en regte ná jou dood? Wat word van jou sosiale media-profiele? Wat van jou webblad en nuusbrief? Jy moet dus ’n plan in plek hê vir elke faset van jou besigheid, van finansies tot algemene administrasie.
Vind egter ’n balans tussen jou skryfwerk en die ander aspekte om jou besigheid te bestuur. Jy kan tog nie iets bemark wat jy nie het nie. Dus, maak tyd om te skryf. Dis jou besigheid se grootste bate en wat dit aan die gang hou en laat groei.
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NOG 'N BIETJIE RAAD OOR DIE SKRYF:
OOR TELLING VS SHOWING / VERTEL TEENOOR WYS.
(DANKIE LAPA HIERVOOR - dit het al menige kere my lewe gered.)
Sy “sien” en sy “voel” is kernwoorde wat indikatief van telling is. DIE LESER WIL WEET wat jou perspektiefkarakter HOOR, VOEL, DINK, RUIK, ONTHOU, PROE, SIEN, BEDOEL, - MAAR juis omdat jy reeds in die karakter se perspektief en kop is, hoef jy nie die woorde te gebruik om te vertel nie - maar wys dit eerder bv: Sy ruik pap wat brand. Nee. Die reuk van gebrande pap kielie haar neus. (of so iets) - ekself maak nog lekker die' foute.
Die goue reël in skryfwerk is show don’t
tell. Deur te wys maak jy jou leser deel van die gebeure. Jy trek
haar dus in om as‘t ware binne-in die verhaal te staan. Dit veroorsaak
dat sy dieselfde emosies ervaar as die karakter; daar vind dus “suspension of
disbelief” plaas (ons kies om te glo dat die verhaal “regtig” is en reageer met
werklike emosies). Groot dele van jou verhaal word egter vertel en hou my as
leser op ‘n afstand. “In a nutshell, showing is about
using description and action to help the reader experience the story. Telling is
when the author summarizes or uses exposition to simply tell the reader what is
happening.
For example:
Telling:
John was sad to see his girlfriend leave.
Showing:
John wiped tears down his face as he watched his girlfriend board the
plane. https://www.autocrit.com/editing/support/showing-vs-telling-indicators/
Om te voorkom dat jy baie vertel en min wys, sal ek aanbeveel jy gebruik diep perspektief. Met diep perspektief klim jy as skrywer in die kop van jou karakter en hef afstand tussen die karakter en die leser op. Gaan kyk gerus na die volgende hulpmiddels:
https://www.autocrit.com/editing/library/emotional-depth-4-deep-point-of-view/
https://lisahallwilson.com/5-pro-tips-to-write-deep-pov-effectively/
https://www.standoutbooks.com/deep-pov/
Lees ook Jill Elizabeth Nelson se boek Rivet
Your Readers with Deep Point of View: https://www.amazon.com/Rivet-Your-Readers-Deep-Point-ebook/dp/B007PUMQ1O/ref=sr_1_1?crid=XAZ6TO4KU6IU&dchild=1&keywords=rivet+your+readers+with+deep+point+of+view&qid=1590656412&sprefix=rivet+your%2Caps%2C366&sr=8-1
Gaan kyk gerus ook na hoe jy emosies vir jou leser oordra. Hier vind ek The Emotion Thesaurus deur Becca Puglisi en Angela Accerman van onskatbare waarde: https://www.amazon.com/Emotion-Thesaurus-Writers-Character-Expression-ebook/dp/B07MTQ7W6Q/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2RR6MDTIYQ76S&dchild=1&keywords=the+emotion+thesaurus&qid=1590656634&sprefix=the+emotion+th%2Caps%2C369&sr=8-1 (Die boek is ook te koop by Takelot of Loot. Daar is verskeie ander titels in die reeks – dié oor karaktereienskappe werk ook baie goed.)
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Wikipedia oor fiksieskryf - kliek hierop vir meer info. Hier volg n greep.
Kreatiewe Skryfwerk 101: Volgens Kurt Vonnegut
Kurt Vonnegut, die outeur van die aangeprese romans, Cat's Cradle, Slaughterhouse-Five, en Breakfast of Champions, het in sy kortverhaalbundel, Bagombo Snuff Box, agt reëls gegee oor hoe om 'n suksesvolle verhaal te skryf. Die reëls word in die Inleiding van die versameling gelys.
"Kreatiewe Skryfwerk 101":
- Gebruik die tyd van 'n volslae vreemdeling op so 'n manier dat hy of sy nie voel dat dit 'n mors van tyd was nie.
- Gee die leser ten minste een karakter aan wie se kant hy of sy kan wees.
- Elke karakter moet iets wil hê, selfs al is dit net 'n glas water.
- Elke sin moet een van die volgende doen — óf meer van 'n karakter openbaar óf die handeling voorthelp.
- Begin so na as moontlik aan die einde.
- Wees 'n sadis. Maak nie saak hoe oulik en onskuldig jou hoofkarakters is nie, laat vreeslike dinge met hulle gebeur — sodat die leser kan sien van watter stoffasie hy of sy gemaak is.
- Skryf om net een persoon tevrede te stel. As jy 'n venster oopmaak en met die wêreld liefde maak, sal jou verhaal longontsteking kry.
- Verskaf van die begin af soveel inligting moontlik. Laat staan maar die spanning en afwagting. Lesers se begrip van wat aan die gang is, moet só volledig wees dat hulle die storie self sal kan klaarmaak indien die laaste paar bladsye deur kokkerotte geëet sou word."
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Dit is wat ek dag een by Lapa gekry het: Aanhalingstekens, ens. Ek wens iemand het al vyftien jaar gelede vir my die inligting gegee.
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ROMANZALIEFDE: (44 000 woorde)
Die hooftema en fokus van jou verhaal moet ten alle tye die ontwikkelende liefdesverhouding tussen die held en heldin wees. Enige ander gebeure of temas is bloot ’n bysaak of dien as agtergrond vir jou verhaal. Die spanning en emosionele belewenis in jou verhaal moet spruit uit die verhouding tussen die held en heldin – beginnende by die eerste ontmoeting (die vonkvat) regdeur tot by die kulminasie van hul liefde. Die spanning lê in die feit dat jou leser nie weet hoe die held en heldin bymekaar gaan uitkom nie. (Ek wil net bysê dat die held en heldin nogal vinnig mekaar moet ontmoet of raaksien ten minste - sommer in die eerste paar bladsye)
Chanette Paul som die struktuur van die romanse soos volg op:
·
die vooraf;
·
die vonkvat;
·
die leer ken;
·
die onverklaarbare
aangetrokkenheid, ervaring van sensualiteit en die begeerte waarvan die
vervulling telkens uitgestel word;
·
die leer liefkry in die hele
proses van die voorafgaande;
· die vind van die self
· en uiteindelik die vind van mekaar.
Hou in gedagte dat elke
hoofstuk toenemend die liefdesverhaallyn moet bevorder en die ontwikkelende
verhouding voort stu. Dit gebeur ten beste wanneer daar interaksie en konflik
tussen die karakters is. Maak dus seker dat elke hoofstuk ten minste een sterk
toneel insluit waar hierdie interaksie en konflik tussen die held en heldin tot
sy reg kom en ook die spanningslyn versterk.
Wat hou die held en
heldin uit mekaar vir 40 000 woorde? Een van die groot hulpmiddele wat
skrywers in die romansegenre inspan, is konflik. Beide jou held en heldin moet
innerlike konflik hê wat veroorsaak dat hulle nie ten volle hulself beskikbaar
vir die nuwe verhouding kan stel nie. Net soos die leser dink, nou gaan hulle
uiteindelik bymekaar uitkom, gee die verhaal een stap terug en duik die
innerlike konflik weer op of ’n misverstand ontstaan tussen die held en heldin.
Innerlike konflik is
deel van elke karakter se genetiese “make-up”. Dit is interafhanklik van die
wyse waarop jy na die wêreld kyk (byvoorbeeld is jy konserwatief of liberaal),
asook met watter waardestelsel jy grootgemaak is. Innerlike konflik veroorsaak
dat die karakter ’n innerlike stryd met hom/haarself voer – een wat daartoe lei
dat hy/sy nie volkome binne ’n liefdesverhouding kan vertrou nie. ’n Voorbeeld
is ’n heldin wat uit ’n gebroke huis kom en wat as gevolg daarvan vas glo dat
sy nie moet kinders kry nie: Haar ouers was nie goeie ouers nie en omdat sy hul
genetika deel, glo sy vas dat sy ook eendag as ouer sal misluk. Daar is egter
ongelooflike chemie tussen haar en die held én boonop wil die held eendag vier
kinders hê, iets wat sy beslis nie vir hom sal gee nie. Die heldin kan ook
byvoorbeeld as gevolg van die huis waarin sy grootgeword het, nog sekere
letsels dra, naamlik dat sy nie vertroue in haarself het nie omdat sy as kind
altyd deur haar ouers as ’n mislukking beskou is.
Nog ’n bousteen van ’n
verhaal is eksterne konflik. Dit sal byvoorbeeld voorkom wanneer beide die held
en heldin van jou verhaal dieselfde perseel wil koop, maar vir verskillende
redes. Hulle stamp dan koppe (nie net oor die chemiese vonke tussen hulle nie),
maar omdat beide graag hul persoonlike wens met die perseel wil vervul. Beide
sien die ander as iets wat in hul pad staan. Die konflik in jou verhaal spruit
uit hierdie koppe stamp, maar ook uit die interne stryd wat die held en heldin
met hulself voer. Laastens veroorsaak die seksuele spanning tussen die held en
heldin ook spanning tussen hulle wat uiting vind in woordewisselings,
misverstande en so meer.
Chanette Paul beklemtoon: In die romanse is karakters die belangrikste
element. Die karakters ís die storie.
Daarom is dit so belangrik dat die skrywer sy karakters nie net goed
moet ken en verstaan nie, maar ook moet beleef en laat beleef. Leslie Wainger
beklemtoon dit soos volg: In every book,
the emotional tension is unique to that heroine and hero, grows out of who they
are, and is enhanced by the situation.
· Beleef die emosie: Beeld die emosie in jou verhaal op so ’n wyse uit dat jou leser Layla se emosies saam met haar ervaar en ook saam met haar op Jason verlief raak. Onthou, die emosionele en intellektuele verliefdheid is ook belangrik, nie slegs die fisieke nie.
Leslie
Wainger stel dit so:
(Readers) want to identify with the heroine and love the
hero. They want to root for the relationship to overcome the seemingly
unsurmountable obstacles in its path, and at the end of the day, they want an
interesting plot that delivers a happy ending. When you meet these expectations
and focus on the central romantic relationship, your book becomes a romance
novel.
Die skrywer van die
romanse moet haar heldin die emosie van die halsoorkop verliefdheid, die magic,
die angste, die opwinding, die tingles, die kortasem, die irrasionaliteit
daarvan laat ervaar. Dit is egter ’n proses – ’n geleidelike opbou daartoe
nadat daardie eerste vonk plaasgevind het.
Hierdie vonkvat moet
ook versigtig hanteer word. Daar is wel
’n mate van irrasionaliteit wat die gevoelens betref, maar die leser moet dit
nie as onoortuigend of ongeloofwaardig ervaar nie. Daarom geld Newton se wet
ook in die romanse. Vir elke aksie moet daar ’n gelyke en teenoorgestelde
reaksie wees. Die reaksie mag nie kwaaier wees as wat die aksie regverdig nie −
die karakters mag dus nie te veel reageer op te min impetus nie. Natuurlik moet daar konflik wees, maar dit
moet konflik wees wat deur die leser as natuurlik en geregverdig en
voortspruitend uit die aard van die situasie ervaar word.
Die skrywer moet ook
nooit oor die liefde skryf nie of oor die heldin se gevoelens of oor gebeure
nie, sy moet self daar binne staan. Self die heldin wees, self die held liefkry
ten spyte van al die struikelblokke, self die pyn en ekstase van ontwikkelende
liefde ervaar. Dan eers kan sy weergee wat die leser van haar verwag, want dit
is wat die leser wil ervaar by die lees van die romanse.
·
Motiveer die interne en
eksterne konflik in jou verhaal.
Sonder gereelde
interaksie en konflik tussen die held en heldin, is daar nie ’n storie
nie. Karakters, veral die hoofkarakters,
moet met mekaar kommunikeer − hetsy verbaal, met gebare, lyftaal of wat ook al.
Konflik hoef ook nie noodwendig gebeure-verwant te wees nie. Konflik kan geleë
wees in kontraste tussen mense, hul persoonlikhede, in botsende belange, in
bagasie uit een of albei karakters se verlede, in botsende emosies of
lewenssieninge en so meer.
Die interaksie moet belewend wees en nie net aan die leser meegedeel word nie. Wanneer daar ’n geleentheid vir interaksie geskep word, is dit sinneloos om dit net te noem sonder om daarvan gebruik te maak.
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Joanita Fourie (o.a. taalkenner en proefleser) het vir 'n skrywersgroep van ons een keer kom vertel wat ons skrywers so dikwels verkeerd doen - en sy is al deur baie manuskripte om te lees vir foute.
Goeie Bronne:
Dinge waarmee ek altyd sukkel: - kyk gerus op hierdie blad vir meer Afrikaanse raad.
Die los- en vasskryf van woorde:
VASSKRYF:
Woorde wat een begrip is, word in Afrikaans (anders as bv. in Engels) vas geskryf, bv. Afrikaansonderwyser. Onthou: 'n koppeltekenwoord is ook een woord.
SAMESTELLINGS word as een woord geskryf, bv.
'n naamwoord + naamwoord, bv. skoolkind
'n naamwoord + voornaamwoord, bv. pa-hulle, Naledi-hulle
'n naamwoord + voorsetsel, bv. stroomop, kopaf, bergop
'n naamwoord en werkwoord, bv. perdry, asemskep
'n naamwoord + byvoeglike naamwoord, bv. kiemvry, vuurvas
'n byvoeglike naamwoord + byvoeglike naamwoord, bv. donkergroen, stomverbaas
Samestellings met 'n afkorting, simbool of syfer as eerste deel, word met 'n koppelteken geskryf:
bv. B-span, 2016-verkiesing, R100-donasie.
EIENAME:
Eiename met verbindings kan op verskillende maniere gespel word, bv. Klerksdorphospitaal, Klerksdorp-Hospitaal, Klerksdorp-hospitaal, Klerksdorp Hospitaal.
EIENAME met 'n syfer of simbool as eerste deel, kry 'n koppelteken, bv. 4x4-Toyota
TAALNAME word vas geskryf, bv. Standaardafrikaans, Praatafrikaans.
PLANT-EN DIERNAME, bv. geelslang, blouaap, witstinkhout
Woorde met -eens, bv. meteens
Bywoorde + toe, bv. vorentoe, agtertoe boontoe, ondertoe
LOSSKRYF VAN WOORDE:
Saamgestelde taalname waar die eerste deel verbuig word, bv. Kaapse Afrikaans
Woordgroepe, bv. op groot skaal, gevange neem
Verbindings van byvoeglike en selfstandige naamwoorde, bv. 'n blink plan, 'n groen rok
Rangtelwoorde in name, bv. 3e Laan; 33ste Straat
Telwoord + die woordjie al, bv. al twintig kinders.
verbinding van 'n selfstandige naamwoord + toe, bv. huis toe, skool toe, dorp toe, Kaap toe
TELWOORDE:
Dit kan op verskillende maniere geskryf word – los of vas: drie en twintig OF drie-en-twintig; twee duisend twee honderd OF tweeduisend tweehonderd.
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WAT Sê DIE KONING VAN SKRYF:
by Lauren Passell/March 22, 2013
Every writer needs a futon - Stephen King’s books have sold over 350 million copies. Like them or loathe them, you have to admit that’s impressive. King’s manual On Writing reveals that he’s relentlessly dedicated to his craft. He admits that not even The King himself always sticks to his rules—but trying to follow them is a good start. Here are our favorite pieces of advice for aspiring writers:
1. First write for yourself, and
then worry about the audience. “When you write a story, you’re telling yourself
the story. When you rewrite, your main job is taking out all the things that
are not the story. Your stuff starts out being just for you, but then it goes
out.”
2. Don’t use passive voice. “Timid
writers like passive verbs for the same reason that timid lovers like passive
partners. The passive voice is safe. The timid fellow writes “The meeting will
be held at seven o’clock” because that somehow says to him, ‘Put it this way
and people will believe you really know. ‘Purge this quisling thought! Don’t be
a muggle! Throw back your shoulders, stick out your chin, and put that meeting in
charge! Write ‘The meeting’s at seven.’ There, by God! Don’t you feel better?”
3. Avoid adverbs. “The adverb is
not your friend. Consider the sentence “He closed the door firmly.” It’s by no
means a terrible sentence, but ask yourself if ‘firmly’ really has to be there.
What about context? What about all the enlightening (not to say emotionally
moving) prose which came before ‘He closed the door firmly’? Shouldn’t this
tell us how he closed the door? And if the foregoing prose does tell us, then
isn’t ‘firmly’ an extra word? Isn’t it redundant?”
4. Avoid adverbs, especially after
“he said” and “she said.” “While to write adverbs is human, to write ‘he said’
or ‘she said’ is divine.”
5. But don’t obsess over perfect
grammar. “Language does not always have to wear a tie and lace-up shoes. The
object of fiction isn’t grammatical correctness but to make the reader welcome
and then tell a story… to make him/her forget, whenever possible, that he/she
is reading a story at all. “
6. The magic is in you. “I’m
convinced that fear is at the root of most bad writing. Dumbo got airborne with
the help of a magic feather; you may feel the urge to grasp a passive verb or
one of those nasty adverbs for the same reason. Just remember before you do
that Dumbo didn’t need the feather; the magic was in him.”
7. Read, read, read. “You have to
read widely, constantly refining (and redefining) your own work as you do so.
If you don’t have time to read, you don’t have the time (or the tools) to
write.”
8. Don’t worry about making other
people happy. “Reading at meals is considered rude in polite society, but if
you expect to succeed as a writer, rudeness should be the second to least of
your concerns. The least of all should be polite society and what it expects.
If you intend to write as truthfully as you can, your days as a member of
polite society are numbered, anyway.”
9. Turn off the TV. “Most exercise
facilities are now equipped with TVs, but TV—while working out or anywhere
else—really is about the last thing an aspiring writer needs. If you feel you
must have the news analyst blowhard on CNN while you exercise, or the stock
market blowhards on MSNBC, or the sports blowhards on ESPN, it’s time for you
to question how serious you really are about becoming a writer. You must be
prepared to do some serious turning inward toward the life of the imagination,
and that means, I’m afraid, that Geraldo, Keigh Obermann, and Jay Leno must go.
Reading takes time, and the glass teat takes too much of it.”
10. You have three months. “The
first draft of a book—even a long one—should take no more than three months,
the length of a season.”
11. There are two secrets to
success. “When I’m asked for ‘the secret of my success’ (an absurd idea, that,
but impossible to get away from), I sometimes say there are two: I stayed
physically healthy, and I stayed married. It’s a good answer because it makes
the question go away, and because there is an element of truth in it. The
combination of a healthy body and a stable relationship with a self reliant
woman who takes zero shit from me or anyone else has made the continuity of my
working life possible. And I believe the converse is also true: that my writing
and the pleasure I take in it has contributed to the stability of my health and
my home life.”
12. Write one word at a time. “A
radio talk-show host asked me how I wrote. My reply—’One word at a
time’—seemingly left him without a reply. I think he was trying to decide
whether or not I was joking. I wasn’t. In the end, it’s always that simple.
Whether it’s a vignette of a single page or an epic trilogy like ‘The Lord Of
The Rings,’ the work is always accomplished one word at a time.”
13. Eliminate distraction. “There
should be no telephone in your writing room, certainly no TV or videogames for
you to fool around with. If there’s a window, draw the curtains or pull down
the shades unless it looks out at a blank wall.”
14. Stick to your own style. “One
cannot imitate a writer’s approach to a particular genre, no matter how simple
what the writer is doing may seem. You can’t aim a book like a cruise missile,
in other words. People who decide to make a fortune writing lik John Grisham or
Tom Clancy produce nothing but pale imitations, by and large, because
vocabulary is not the same thing as feeling and plot is light years from the
truth as it is understood by the mind and the heart.”
15. Dig. “When, during the course
of an interview for The New Yorker, I told the interviewer (Mark Singer) that I
believed stories are found things, like fossils in the ground, he said that he
didn’t believe me. I replied that that was fine, as long as he believed that I
believe it. And I do. Stories aren’t souvenir tee-shirts or Game Boys. Stories
are relics, part of an undiscovered pre-existing world. The writer’s job is to
use the tools in his or her toolbox to get as much of each one out of the
ground intact as possible. Sometimes the fossil you uncover is small; a
seashell. Sometimes it’s enormous, a Tyrannosaurus Rex with all the gigantic
ribs and grinning teeth. Either way, short story or thousand page whopper of a
novel, the techniques of excavation remain basically the same.”
16. Take a break. “If you’ve never
done it before, you’ll find reading your book over after a six-week layoff to
be a strange, often exhilarating experience. It’s yours, you’ll recognize it as
yours, even be able to remember what tune was on the stereo when you wrote
certain lines, and yet it will also be like reading the work of someone else, a
soul-twin, perhaps. This is the way it should be, the reason you waited. It’s
always easier to kill someone else’s darlings that it is to kill your own.”
17. Leave out the boring parts and
kill your darlings. “Mostly when I think of pacing, I go back to Elmore
Leonard, who explained it so perfectly by saying he just left out the boring
parts. This suggests cutting to speed the pace, and that’s what most of us end
up having to do (kill your darlings, kill your darlings, even when it breaks
your ecgocentric little scribbler’s heart, kill your darlings.)”
18. The research shouldn’t
overshadow the story. “If you do need to do research because parts of your
story deal with things about which you know little or nothing, remember that
word back. That’s where research belongs: as far in the background and the back
story as you can get it. You may be entranced with what you’re learning about
the flesh-eating bacteria, the sewer system of New York, or the I.Q. potential
of collie pups, but your readers are probably going to care a lot more about
your characters and your story.”
19. You become a writer simply by reading and writing. “You don’t need writing classes or seminars any more than you need this or any other book on writing. Faulkner learned his trade while working in the Oxford, Mississippi post office. Other writers have learned the basics while serving in the Navy, working in steel mills or doing time in America’s finer crossbar hotels. I learned the most valuable (and commercial) part of my life’s work while washing motel sheets and restaurant tablecloths at the New Franklin Laundry in Bangor. You learn best by reading a lot and writing a lot, and the most valuable lessons of all are the ones you teach yourself.”
20. Writing is about getting happy. “Writing isn’t about making money, getting famous, getting dates, getting laid, or making friends. In the end, it’s about enriching the lives of those who will read your work, and enriching your own life, as well. It’s about getting up, getting well, and getting over. Getting happy, okay? Writing is magic, as much the water of life as any other creative art. The water is free. So drink.”
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SELFPUBLIKASIE:
Die volgende dienste/drukkers/uitgewers kan jou help met die hele proses as jy nie kans sien om die selfpublikasie-proses self aan te pak nie:
https://groep7.co.za/self-publishing
https://www.kreatio.co.za/services/
http://www.jotha.co.za/dienste - e-pos: mwjotha@gmail.com
marleo.co.za - e-pos: mariette@marleo.co.za
Vra gerus vir almal kwotasies. Almal het goeie reputasies.
Afhangende van hoeveel geld jy het, kan jy self drukkers nader - veral Print on demand drukkers is goedkoper as die groot drukprosesse.
Ek het op twee billike drukkers afgekom wat beide lyk volgens reviews of hulle goeie diens lewer. Ons gaan my man se boek, 'n outobiografie by een van hulle print.
lizelle@zeroplus.co.za - Zero Plus drukkers in Pretoria.
ernestene@printondemand.co.za - POD Kaapstad. (Beste pryse - courier op na NW bietjie duur.)
Ons het self die stellings van die boek na A5 gemaak, moderate kantlyne, font arial 11. Spasie tussen lyne 1.15 of 1 soos jy verkies. Kyk na hoe ander boeke binne lyk en verander self op jou boek se stellings - anders kan hulle jou ook help. Jy stuur dan n PDF file wat hulle print.
As jy iemand ken wat jou kan help met die voor- en agterblad se ontwerpe en instellings - en dit ook op PDF laai - kan die drukker dit ook gebruik.
Vir ISBN nommers: gratis (barcode vir boek en e-boek): Marietjie.DeBeer@nlsa.ac.za
Ek sal later laat weet hoe ons drukproses - so op ons eie - uitgewerk het! Binnekort. Seker oor so n maand, dan het ons die boeke in ons hande.
*****************************
This site is full of good tips!
170 Plot Development Questions (Plus Worksheet) - Now Novel
170
plot development questions (plus worksheet)
Brainstorm plot
intrigues with 100 questions for plotting from beginning to end, plus an extra
seventy on the seven basic plots in a free worksheet.
Productive plot
development questions for building stories help you turn the core of a plot
idea into a many-layered story. Read 170 plot questions divided into helpful
focus categories and answer ‘who, what, why, where, and when’ questions to
brainstorm ideas.
100
plot questions from beginning to end
We’ve brainstormed
plot questions based on crucial elements of plot.
Jump to the
relevant section using the links below:
- Beginnings and inciting
incidents
- Goals
- Motivations
- Conflicts
- Middles
- Plot and setting
- Mystery and unknowns
- Turning points and
reversals
- Rising action and climaxes
- Endings
After, scroll down
to find a handy worksheet of all these questions plus seventy extra on the
seven basic plots.
Plotting
beginnings and inciting incidents
The beginning
of a story needs several plot elements:
- Exposition (introduction
to significant details such as key characters, settings and a situation or
scenario)
- A hook (the
unanswered question or open possibility that makes your reader commit to
the story)
- A sense of or hint
toward genre (if you’re writing genre fiction
with fairly fixed reader expectations and not a more sui
generis or hybrid sort of story)
- Direction/purpose (the
sense the story is moving towards a revelation, conflict, change, intrigue
of some kind)
- An inciting
incident (an event or development within the first
third of the story that gives a reason to act or signals impending,
significant change)
Plot questions
for beginnings
- Who is the main
character or protagonist (or group of characters)?
- Who is behind the
first significant change to the story’s starting scenario? [For example,
the children’s uncle creates magical rings in C.S. Lewis’ The
Magician’s Nephew and this is the catalyst for their travel
between Earth and magical woods that hold a portal to Narnia among other
worlds].
- What is the most
important thing the reader should know about the main character or their
world upfront (that will shape the story most)?
- What is the
inciting incident, the catalytic event that sets change in motion?
- Why does the
protagonist’s world become unstable/disrupted, giving them reason to act?
- Why can’t things
stay the same with no action taken?
- Where does the
first key event in this story occur?
- Where does this
first event take a character (or characters) that they’ve never been
before?
- When does a main
character decide to act, despite potential risks, dangers or challenges?
- When will the main
character(s) first realize the challenges and potential complications of
the task ahead of them?
Plotting
goals (desires driving plot development)
Goals, motivations and
conflicts are crucial parts of plot. Kurt Vonnegut said every
character should want something, even if it’s just a glass of water.
What characters
(or larger systems or entities) want, why they want it, and what obstacles or
conflict will make attainment hard.
Story goals for
plotting share a lot with ‘SMART’ goals because it can help your plotting
process if they are:
- Specific (i.e.
more detailed, concrete, have some scope – not just ‘defeat Sauron’ but
‘destroy the One Ring that could restore Sauron to full power’)
- Measurable (there
is some way of measuring progress made, e.g. distance left to a
destination or tasks required for a qualification or promotion)
- Attainable
(although a sense of impossibility may make the path to a goal
more suspenseful)
- Realistic (mammoth
goals such as ‘world peace’ may have too many required actions for one
story, though this depends on whether the story is a ‘realist’ or a more
fantastical one)
- Time-based (in
plotting, giving a limited time for characters to act creates in-built
urgency)
Plot
questions for developing goals in stories
- Who will support
your character most in pursuing their greatest goals?
- Who will hinder
them most?
- What is your
character’s first goal in the story?
- What is their
ultimate goal? [This is the telos or end point that
drives their arc – you might come back to this as drafting reveals it to
you.]
- Why are your
character’s goals important to them?
- Why would not attaining
their goals be a travesty?
- Where will your
character’s goals take them first (what previously unvisited location)?
- Where will they
first encounter something that makes them doubt their goals or resolve?
- When will your
character first receive help toward their greatest goal?
- When will they
first experience a setback in pursuing this goal?
FINISH
YOUR BOOK IN 6 MONTHS
Stay accountable,
in a structured program with writing sprints, coach Q&As, webinars and
feedback in an intimate writing group.
Plotting
motivations beneath characters’ goals
Author David
Corbett calls motivation the ‘compass of character’ (The Compass of
Character: Creating Complex Motivation for Compelling Characters in Fiction,
Film, and TV, 2019).
It is a good term
because it suggests that what we
want shapes how we talk, act, find our way (even if we don’t always
consciously know what that ‘X’, the treasure located on the map, is at the
start of telling a story).
Corbett breaks
character motivation down into four helpful elements:
- Lack (what
a person wants but does not yet possess, innately or acquired)
- Yearning (what
a person longs for)
- Resistance (an
inner obstacle against being true to desire, Corbett gives examples such
as wounds, weaknesses, flaws)
- Desire Corbett
describes this as the culmination of the previous three elements of
motivation. Lack, yearning and resistance combine in something appearing –
a ‘what if’, person or thing – that moves the character to act
Keeping the above
in mind:
Plot
development questions for motivations
- Who among the
characters introduced to begin the story has what kind of lack? List your
characters and write down a lack for each.
- Who yearns for
what out of your starting line-up of characters? Write down a deep-seated
longing for each [Examples: love, wealth, fame/recognition, company,
healing, happiness].
- What is an initial
source of resistance for your character pursuing their first goal, if any
(and what action or reaction beat does this resistance lead to)?
- What helps your
character overcome their initial resistance (e.g., this might be advice,
new information, a sudden change of circumstance).
- Why does your
character desire what they do at the start of the story?
- Why does what your
character wants change as the story develops (if it does change in major
or minor ways)?
- Where does their
desire or resolve feel strongest (and why)?
- Where does their
desire or resolve feel weakest (and why)?
- When will the
first event that strengthens their motivation or resolve occur?
- When will the
first event that tests or diminishes their motivation or resolve occur?
Let’s explore plot
development questions for when the best intentions are thwarted (questions to
create conflicts):
Plotting
conflict and tension
After characters
discover goals and motivations, this leads them into conflict situations. The
new fashion intern meets the Miranda Priestly. The budding witch or wizard
meets a snotty rival.
As your plot grows
towards the middle, there will be more complications. Conflict in plot arises
out of complications such as:
- Rival goals or
desires (competition) – a ‘person vs person’ type of struggle
- Misunderstandings
and miscommunication
- Clashes (of
personalities, values)
- Destructive
ideologies (for example prejudices and supremacies)
- Intolerable lack
(lack of freedom, resources)
- Hostile
environments (for example, a difficult mountain pass with tricky
crossings)
Keeping the above
in mind, here are ten plot development questions for brainstorming conflicts
that could arise in a story:
Plot
questions to brainstorm conflict
- Who might your
character clash with in pursuit of their goals, and why?
- Who (if anyone)
has a hidden agenda that could make it harder for your character to
overcome a first or later conflict?
- What does the main
character stand to lose if they don’t overcome the first conflict?
- What flaws or
personal resistance hinders your character in overcoming the first and
subsequent conflicts they encounter?
- Why is overcoming
the first conflict crucial for this character’s progress or success?
- Why is this
conflict triggered in the first place?
- Where does the
first conflict begin vs end?
- Where might
unforeseen consequences of this conflict crop up later?
- When will (or
might) this conflict resolve, what conditions will that require?
- When the conflict
resolves, what could each character involved have gained or lost
(physically or emotionally)?
Next up, questions
to develop plot middles (and avoid a middle that dissipates the story’s tension
or focus):
Plotting
the middle of a story
The middle of a
story, the second
act in three-act structure, is a bridge between departure and
return, or rags and riches, or other polar (or circular) beginnings and
endings.
In Story
Trumps Structure, Stephen James describes a method of starting a
countdown at the middle of your story in your mind towards the end of your
book. Maybe there is less time for characters to achieve what they need to.
More urgency.
This is a helpful
way to make sure that each part from the mid-point onwards is primed for a
sense of purpose, relevant to your overarching plot.
The middle
typically brings
- Complications
- Further conflicts
- Enlargement of the
promise held out by the story’s beginning (according
to author Zara Altair)
- Possible loss of
a straightforward path due to complication (bringing the need for
ingenuity, perhaps, or trial and error, backtracking, finding help)
Plot
questions to brainstorm the middle of a story
- Who might your
character meet in the middle of the story for the first time? Do they
offer help or hindrance?
- Who might no
longer be a source of help, advice or guidance due to plot complications
or circumstances in the middle?
- What could be
harder or more complex at this point in the story?
- What does your
character still not know (and need to learn) at this point in the plot?
- Why will the way
ahead not be straightforward or predictable for the
character?
- Why is there a
good chance your character could fail in what they need to do?
- When does a major
setback occur that makes your character’s task seem nearly impossible?
- When does a
ticking bomb (figuratively speaking) or other time element get introduced
that makes swift action crucial?
- Where does the
main character find unexpected allies, help or resources?
- Where is the main
character when they realize their former plan or hypothesis won’t work, or
they gain vital new information?
GET
YOUR FREE GUIDE TO SCENE STRUCTURE
Read a
guide to writing scenes with purpose that move your story forward.
Plot
and setting questions
Like plot and
character, plot and
setting are closely intertwined. After all, a change of location may
bring new conflicts, constraints on possible actions (and reactions), and thus
new scope for the possible or impossible (in Narnia, the Pevensie children
can’t just ring their parents and say ‘This sucks, come fetch me’).
Interesting
aspects of setting to think about as you answer plot development questions are:
- Era or time period
(what can vs cannot happen in this era?)
- Place context
(what is plausible or implausible for where and when your story’s set?)
- Setting change
(how do the plot events of your story shape setting in a reciprocal way?
It is likely destructible, subject to the consequences of action and
reaction in your story in some ways).
Keeping the above
in mind, questions to develop your plot in tandem with setting:
Setting-related
plot development questions
- Who might your
character meet in each of your story’s major locations, who inhabits each
area?
- Who is happiest in
any new destinations the story takes us to, vs who is least happy (and
why)?
- What can’t your
character do due to time or place at the start of the story?
- What freedoms,
capabilities or possibilities arise, change or diminish as the story’s
locations change [For example, a character travelling to a religiously
conservative land may have to go out with a retinue or in disguise]?
- Why does the setting
undergo significant changes (due to war, natural disasters, etc.) and how
do these changes impact the plot?
- Why does your
protagonist need to navigate different settings (e.g., city vs.
wilderness, different planets, etc.) to achieve their goal?
- When might the
history or past events of your setting influence the events of your plot
(and why)?
- When does the
setting impose certain laws or necessities, and what are the consequences
if your character breaks them?
- Where will the
plot of the story reach its climax?
- Where will your
main character(s) feel most out of their element, and how will this affect
their actions or choices?
Plotting
mysteries and unknowns
Plot in stories
moves between two poles – the known, and the unknown. How you eke out giving the reader known
context, facts, world detail, and what you leave mysterious combines
to create suspense.
Leaving some
mysteries and unknowns (and not revealing your whole hand at once with, for
example, a prologue that tells all or a whole lot of foreshadowing) gives your
reader a good reason to continue. Mystery and the unknown:
- Invite questions
- Stimulate the
imagination
- Expand possibility
(inviting interpretation, assumption, guesswork)
Keeping this in
mind, questions to brainstorm unknowns and mysteries in your story:
Plot
development questions to create mystery and unknowns
- Who in the story
has or will reveal a secret (whether their own or someone else’s), and how
might this revelation alter the course of events?
- Who in the story
has the most knowledge of an important mystery, and who has the least?
Why?
- What is your main
character’s most pressing question at the start of the story (and what
must they do to find an answer)?
- What can the
reader safely assume (and what is it not safe to assume) based on the
events of the first scene or chapter?
- Why does your
character need to find out a crucial mystery?
- Why will this
revelation be hard to make?
- When does your
protagonist realize that someone they trust is hiding a secret or key
information?
- When does your
protagonist realize initial assumptions or beliefs were mistaken? [Think
of Lizzie Bennet realizing Darcy’s nobler intentions in Pride and
Prejudice]
- Where does an
event occur which deepens the plot’s mystery and confounds your
protagonist?
- Where does a key
character go missing or quiet and what’s the reason and impact on
subsequent events?
Plotting
turning points and reversals
Turning points in a
story are where a character must make a decision that will affect the rest of
the story. For example, moving to another city..
Reversals (or
reversals of fortune) are big changes a character (and the reader) don’t
necessarily see coming. Sudden windfalls, for example (like Pip’s unexpected
inheritance in Dickens’ Great Expectations).
Turning points and
reversals develop your plot by:
- Creating
dynamic, contrasting change. They may not require as
much build-up as (for example) an inevitable showdown with a final
adversary
- Creating
suspense. A sudden windfall or
misfortune blows wide further possibilities for what could happen next or
down the line
- Is
a dramatic effect that is best used sparingly.
If you have a radical narrative shift every other scene or chapter, you
could give your reader whiplash with all the dramatic change. This is a
staple of some genres though (e.g. soap opera and other genres that favor
melodrama)
With this in mind,
let’s explore plot questions to develop turning points and reversals:
Questions
to create turning points and reversals in plots
- Who in the story
has a sudden reversal of fortune or fate?
- Who or what is
responsible for a main character’s reversal in the story?
- What is the first
major turning point in your main character’s progress, a decision or
action that changes everything?
- What future event
will this turning point make the reader anticipate?
- Why does your main
character benefit or suffer from a major reversal?
- Why is a turning
point necessary so that a main character may achieve what they desire?
- When will the
first major turning point in the story occur?
- When will a
significant reversal of fortunes (e.g. the loss of a friend or companion,
or discovery of new resources) occur?
- Where is the
action unfolding when the first major turning point occurs?
- Where is a main
character when they experience a major reversal (or learn about events
which portend one)?
Plotting
rising action and climaxes
‘Rising action’ is
the term describing events that increase in suspense, intensity and urgency
towards a climax an resolution or denoument (when ‘the strands
of the plot are drawn together’ OED).
Rising
action and climaxes are naturally more intense in genres such
as epic fantasy, thrillers and crime that revolve around tense situations and
conflict. Yet even a feel-good romance has rising action as the story gets
closer to lovers uniting (and romantic tension goes from a simmer to boiling point).
Plot
questions for creating rising action and climaxes
- Who needs to
achieve what more urgently by the middle of the story?
- Who is working
against the protagonist openly or in secret to prevent them reaching their
goal (and why)?
- What happens in
the third act or segment that makes the path to what your character wants
harder?
- What personal
sacrifice or compromise must your protagonist make to move forward?
- Why is an
adversary or naysayer determined to oppose a main character’s desires?
- Why does your
protagonist face a substantial setback (and how do they recover from it)?
- When will the
rising action to the climax reach its highest point of tension (what’s the
‘make or break’ moment)?
- When will the
climax force your main character(s) to confront their biggest flaws or
limitations?
- Where will your
character’s progress in fulfilling their desire be hardest?
- Where does the
climax take place (and how does place add to the tension or sense of the
unknown)?
Plotting
story endings
How do you end a
story? Creating the sense of an ending is part of what leaves a satisfying
impression on readers. The ending of a story or book will ideally:
- Deliver on the
promises set up at the start of the story.
For example, a ‘happy for now’ or ‘happily ever after’ ending in the
feel-good romance genre
- Resolve important
narrative threads. There is leeway to be
experimental in more literary stories of course, e.g. Bret Easton Ellis
ending a novel mid-sentence in The Rules of Attraction. In
this case irresolution speaks to the ephemeral subject matter of young
drug users’ wild lives)
- Speak to key
themes, concepts and ideas. The example of an
unconventional ending above still fits the nature and tone of the story
(for example the story explores trauma and other events which interrupt lives
and human stories and sometimes don’t have resolution)
Read ten questions
to ask to develop a satisfying ending:
Plot
questions to develop good endings
- Who gets what they
want by the end of the story, and who doesn’t (and why)?
- Who has your main
character become (what has changed in them through the experience they’ve
undergone)?
- What answer to an
explicit or implicit question is revealed in the story’s final pages (for
example, whether it is better to be blissfully unaware and ignorant or to
find out and to suffer)?
- What will the
reader be surprised or comforted to read in the final pages?
- Why does a
character’s defeat or redemption bring a satisfying sense of closure (or
leave an element of ‘to be continued’, if this will be a title in a
series)?
- Why does the main
character’s success or failure in pursuing their desires ring true to the
story’s subjects or themes?
- When does your
protagonist achieve their goal, bringing a satisfying sense of conclusion?
- When does the
story’s central mystery or greatest unknown get answered, tying up loose
ends (for example, whether a couple will end up together, whether a
villain will see their comeuppance).
- Where does the ending
leave your character(s), in a place of harmony and rest or with new
trouble brewing (and how does the ending hint at said trouble)?
- Where do
characters’ relationships or dynamics end up, resulting in new
understanding or strengthened bonds?
70
extra plot questions for the seven basic plots
We’ve previously
discussed the seven
basic plots, which Christopher Booker discusses in The Seven
Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories.
Get seventy extra
plotting questions on the seven types, such as ‘rags to riches’ and ‘overcoming
the monster’, as well as all the above questions in one handy document, in
our free
workbook of plot development questions here.
🗣️ Which of the above questio
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